OVERVIEW

Melatonin is a naturally occurring indoleamine primarily produced by the pineal gland, playing a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms, sleep-wake cycles, and neuroendocrine functions. It is widely studied for its potential impact on sleep regulation, oxidative stress management, and immune system modulation. Research suggests that melatonin may:

• Regulate sleep patterns by influencing the body’s internal clock
• Act as a potent antioxidant, reducing oxidative damage at the cellular level
• Support immune function and inflammatory response regulation
• Influence metabolic and neuroprotective processes
• Play a role in reproductive hormone modulation

Melatonin functions by binding to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2), which are distributed in the brain and peripheral tissues, helping synchronize biological processes to environmental light-dark cycles.

RESEARCH

Melatonin and Sleep Regulation

Melatonin is most well-known for its role in controlling the circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles. Research findings indicate:

• It signals the body when it is time to sleep, aiding in sleep onset and quality.
• MT1 and MT2 receptor activation influences the sleep phase and duration.
• Studies suggest that melatonin may improve sleep patterns in circadian rhythm disorders.

Melatonin as an Antioxidant

Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant with the ability to neutralize free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. Key research findings include:

• It enhances the activity of other antioxidants, such as glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
• Melatonin can cross the blood-brain barrier, offering neuroprotective benefits.
• Studies suggest its role in reducing age-related oxidative stress and cellular damage.

Melatonin and Immune Function

Melatonin has been studied for its immunomodulatory properties, with research suggesting:

• It enhances immune cell function and supports the body’s defense mechanisms.
• Melatonin may play a role in regulating inflammatory cytokine production.
• Potential benefits in reducing inflammation-associated conditions have been explored.

Melatonin and Metabolism

Melatonin has been implicated in metabolic regulation, with research indicating:

• It may influence insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
• Studies have explored its role in obesity and metabolic disorders.
• Its effects on energy expenditure and fat oxidation are areas of active research.

Melatonin and Neuroprotection

Melatonin has been investigated for its potential role in cognitive health and neuroprotection. Research highlights:

• It may help protect neurons from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
• Studies suggest a potential role in neurodegenerative disease models.
• Melatonin’s anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to brain health and cognitive function.

STRUCTURE

• Molecular Formula: C₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂
• Molecular Weight: 232.2783 g/mol
• CAS Registry Number: 73-31-4
• Purity: 99% HPLC

RESEARCH USE ONLY

Melatonin is strictly intended for research and laboratory purposes. It is not for human or veterinary use and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic applications.